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Which of the following is a common dysfunction associated with Cauda Equina Syndrome?

  1. Motor function in arms

  2. Visual disturbances

  3. Bowel and bladder dysfunction

  4. Severe headaches

The correct answer is: Bowel and bladder dysfunction

Bowel and bladder dysfunction is a key symptom associated with Cauda Equina Syndrome. This condition occurs when the cauda equina, a bundle of spinal nerves at the lower end of the spinal cord, becomes compressed. The nerves in this area are responsible for controlling the pelvic organs, thus when they are compromised, patients often experience significant issues with urinary and bowel functions. This can manifest as retention or incontinence, reflecting the direct impact of nerve dysfunction in this region. In contrast, symptoms like motor function in the arms, visual disturbances, and severe headaches are not typically associated with Cauda Equina Syndrome, as they involve different neural pathways and structures that are not influenced by the state of the cauda equina.